How to format your references using the Ethics, Medicine and Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethics, Medicine and Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gatenby RA. A change of strategy in the war on cancer. Nature 2009;459:508–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Kreitzer AC, Malenka RC. Endocannabinoid-mediated rescue of striatal LTD and motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease models. Nature 2007;445:643–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Yoshikuni Y, Ferrin TE, Keasling JD. Designed divergent evolution of enzyme function. Nature 2006;440:1078–82.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Doray B, Ghosh P, Griffith J, Geuze HJ, Kornfeld S. Cooperation of GGAs and AP-1 in packaging MPRs at the trans-Golgi network. Science 2002;297:1700–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kraehmer H, Baur P. Weed Anatomy. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Aizawa K, Nakamura Y, Satoh S, editors. Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2004: 5th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, Tokyo, Japan, November 30 - December 3, 2004. Proceedings, Part II. vol. 3332. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Nussbaum NL, Shepard KN. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In: Fletcher-Janzen E, editor. The Neuropsychology of Women, New York, NY: Springer; 2009, p. 1–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethics, Medicine and Public Health.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Earthquake Scientists Have Lost Their Favorite Curb In San Francisco. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/earthquake-scientists-have-lost-their-favorite-curb-in-san-francisco/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Social Security: Measure of Telephone Service Accuracy Can Be Improved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Grace J. A Correlational Study of the Relationship Between TEAS V and Success in Licensed Practical Nursing Students. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly SR. Oil Under Our Noses. New York Times 2012:A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethics, Medicine and Public Health
Abbreviation	Ethics Med. Public Health
ISSN (print)	2352-5525
Scope