How to format your references using the Ethnic and Racial Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethnic and Racial Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marx, Vivien. 2015. “Cancer: A Most Exceptional Response.” Nature 520 (7547): 389–393.

A journal article with 2 authors

Knee, L. B., and C. M. Brunt. 2001. “A Massive Cloud of Cold Atomic Hydrogen in the Outer Galaxy.” Nature 412 (6844): 308–310.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tang, Ri-Yuan, Gang Li, and Jin-Quan Yu. 2014. “Conformation-Induced Remote Meta-C-H Activation of Amines.” Nature 507 (7491): 215–220.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Borchert, Rolf, Susanne S. Renner, Zoraida Calle, Diego Navarrete, Alan Tye, Laurent Gautier, Rodolphe Spichiger, and Patricio von Hildebrand. 2005. “Photoperiodic Induction of Synchronous Flowering near the Equator.” Nature 433 (7026): 627–629.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tadros, Tharwat F. 2010. Colloids in Paints. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Kapetanios, Epaminondas, Vijayan Sugumaran, and Myra Spiliopoulou, eds. 2008. Natural Language and Information Systems: 13th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2008 London, UK, June 24-27, 2008 Proceedings. Vol. 5039. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nouvian, Régis, Michel Eybalin, and Jean-Luc Puel. 2012. “The Cochlea and the Auditory Nerve as a Primary Source of Tinnitus.” In Tinnitus, edited by Jos J. Eggermont, Fan-Gang Zeng, Arthur N. Popper, and Richard R. Fay, 83–95. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Blog post

Hamilton, Kristy. 2016. “The Maths Behind “Impossible’ Never-Repeating Patterns.” IFLScience, IFLScience, August 12.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Stock Market Automation: Exchanges Have Increased Systems’ Capacities Since the 1987 Market Crash. IMTEC-91-37. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Konzem, Scott R. 2017. “Tenability and Computability of Generalized Pólya Urns.” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Myers, Steven Lee. 2013. “Challenger in Race for Moscow Mayor Says He Can Force a Runoff.” New York Times, September 9, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marx 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Marx 2015; Knee and Brunt 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Knee and Brunt 2001)
Three authors: (Tang, Li, and Yu 2014)
4 or more authors: (Borchert et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethnic and Racial Studies
Abbreviation	Ethn. Racial Stud.
ISSN (print)	0141-9870
ISSN (online)	1466-4356
Scope	Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies