How to format your references using the Ethnomusicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ethnomusicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lüthi, Martin. 2013. “Geophysics. Gauging Greenland’s Subglacial Water.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 341(6147):721–22.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rose, Christopher, and Gregory Wright. 2004. “Inscribed Matter as an Energy-Efficient Means of Communication with an Extraterrestrial Civilization.” Nature 431(7004):47–49.

A journal article with 3 authors

Batson, P. E., N. Dellby, and O. L. Krivanek. 2002. “Sub-Ångstrom Resolution Using Aberration Corrected Electron Optics.” Nature 418(6898):617–20.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bradbury, Elizabeth J., Lawrence D. F. Moon, Reena J. Popat, Von R. King, Gavin S. Bennett, Preena N. Patel, James W. Fawcett, and Stephen B. McMahon. 2002. “Chondroitinase ABC Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury.” Nature 416(6881):636–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Young, Gary C. 2010. Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Villafiorita, Adolfo, Regis Saint-Paul, and Alessandro Zorer, eds. 2010. E-Infrastructures and E-Services on Developing Countries: First International ICST Conference, AFRICOM 2009, Maputo, Mozambique, December 3-4, 2009. Proceedings. Vol. 38. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Torres, Allan M., and William S. Price. 2011. “Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.” In Metallointercalators: Synthesis and Techniques to Probe Their Interactions with Biomolecules, edited by Janice Aldrich-Wright, 129–41. Vienna: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ethnomusicology.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2013. “2.7 Billion-Year Old Fossilised Raindrops.” IFLScience. IFLScience. October 23. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/27-billion-year-old-fossilised-raindrops/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. “Compensatory Education: Aguilar v. Felton Decision’s Continuing Impact on Chapter 1 Program.” HRD-89-131BR. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Graves, Ingrid S. 2010. “Positioning of Fifth Grade Students in Small-Group Settings: Naming Participation in Discussion-Based Mathematics.” Doctoral dissertation, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, Mary. 2013. “Before Attempting To Top Opponents, U.S. Open Players Must Beat Traffic.” New York Times, September 2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lüthi 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Lüthi 2013; Rose and Wright 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rose and Wright 2004)
Three or more authors: (Bradbury et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ethnomusicology
ISSN (print)	0014-1836
ISSN (online)	2156-7417
Scope	Music Anthropology Cultural Studies