How to format your references using the European Addiction Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Addiction Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Klaas SJ. Perspective: Avoiding injury. Nature. 2013 Nov;503(7475):S18.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kang D-Y, Moon JH. Lithographically defined three-dimensional pore-patterned carbon with nitrogen doping for high-performance ultrathin supercapacitor applications. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun;4:5392.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shahabi A, Wang H, Upmanyu M. Shaping van der Waals nanoribbons via torsional constraints: scrolls, folds and supercoils. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov;4:7004.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ferrer M, Golyshina OV, Beloqui A, Golyshin PN, Timmis KN. The cellular machinery of Ferroplasma acidiphilum is iron-protein-dominated. Nature. 2007 Jan;445(7123):91–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Durbin PA, Reif BAP. Statistical Theory and Modeling for Turbulent Flows. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010.

An edited book

Uckelmann D, Harrison M, Michahelles F, editors. Architecting the Internet of Things. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Iwata Y. A Faster Algorithm for Dominating Set Analyzed by the Potential Method. In: Marx D, Rossmanith P, editors. Parameterized and Exact Computation: 6th International Symposium, IPEC 2011, Saarbrücken, Germany, September 6-8, 2011. Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012; pp 41–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Addiction Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Fossilized Plants Describe Evolution of Prehistoric Ecosystems [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jan [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/fossilized-plants-describe-evolution-prehistoric-ecosystems/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NextGen Air Transportation System: FAA’s Metrics Can Be Used to Report on Status of Individual Programs, but Not of Overall NextGen Implementation or Outcomes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

E C-C. The syntax of comparative correlatives in Mandarin Chinese. 2014

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. Little Rock Hopes Clinton Presidency Will Put Its Dogpatch Image to Rest. New York Times. 1992 Nov;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Addiction Research
Abbreviation	Eur. Addict. Res.
ISSN (print)	1022-6877
ISSN (online)	1421-9891
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Psychiatry and Mental health Health(social science)