How to format your references using the European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dobson CM (2004) Protein chemistry. In the footsteps of alchemists. Science 304:1259–1262

A journal article with 2 authors

Stanley S, Bloxham J (2004) Convective-region geometry as the cause of Uranus’ and Neptune’s unusual magnetic fields. Nature 428:151–153

A journal article with 3 authors

Marasco A, Limongiello A, Migliore M (2013) Using Strahler’s analysis to reduce up to 200-fold the run time of realistic neuron models. Sci Rep 3:2934

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Sudmant PH, Kitzman JO, Antonacci F, et al (2010) Diversity of human copy number variation and multicopy genes. Science 330:641–646

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Karr R (2009) Lead, Sell, or Get Out of the Way. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Akama S (2016) Towards Paraconsistent Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Sugiana K (2008) Problems and Prospects for Sustainable Regeneration of Traditional Markets in Yogyakarta City. In: Kidokoro T, Harata N, Subanu LP, et al (eds) Sustainable City Regions: Space, Place and Governance. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 61–76

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Breakthrough In Fight Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/breakthrough-fight-against-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Exchange Programs: Inventory of International Educational, Cultural, and Training Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shaker G (2008) Off the track: The full-time nontenure -track faculty experience in English. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B (2017) Two Blasts Kill Dozens Near Shrines in Damascus. New York Times A8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Abbreviation	Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	0937-4477
ISSN (online)	1434-4726
Scope	General Medicine Otorhinolaryngology