How to format your references using the European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schmollinger J. Equal opportunities. Nature. 2002 Jun 20;417(6891):5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Luksza M, Lässig M. A predictive fitness model for influenza. Nature. 2014 Mar 6;507(7490):57–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hua W, Chung J, Gelles J. Distinguishing inchworm and hand-over-hand processive kinesin movement by neck rotation measurements. Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):844–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

May C, Rivella S, Callegari J, Heller G, Gaensler KM, Luzzatto L, et al. Therapeutic haemoglobin synthesis in beta-thalassaemic mice expressing lentivirus-encoded human beta-globin. Nature. 2000 Jul 6;406(6791):82–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rainey LD. Confucius & Confucianism. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Wittrock U, editor. Adaptive Optics for Industry and Medicine: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop Münster, Germany, Oct. 19–24, 2003. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Broere F, Berlo SE, Guichelaar T, Wieten L, Van Der Zee R, Van Eden W. HSP Reactive T Cells are Anti-Inflammatory and Disease Suppressive in Arthritic Diseases. In: Asea AAA, Pedersen BK, editors. Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 85–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.

Blog post

Andrew E. Researchers Make “Invisibility Cloak” From Ordinary Lenses. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Customs and INS: Information on Inspection, Infrastructure, Traffic Flow, and Security Matters at the Detroit Port of Entry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Apr. Report No.: GAO-02-595R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tomko PR. Understanding the factors affecting the influence of children on their parents’ total purchases [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick SM. Shoppers Are Getting a Culinary Lift. New York Times. 2014 Nov 23;LI9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schmollinger 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Luksza and Lässig 2014; Schmollinger 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Luksza and Lässig 2014)
Three or more authors: (May et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
Abbreviation	Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent.
ISSN (print)	1818-6300
ISSN (online)	1996-9805
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Dentistry (miscellaneous)