How to format your references using the European Early Childhood Education Research Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Breukink, Eefjan. 2009. “Cell Biology. Lethal Traffic Jam.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325 (5941): 684–685.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hager, Reinmar, and Rufus A. Johnstone. 2003. “The Genetic Basis of Family Conflict Resolution in Mice.” Nature 421 (6922): 533–535.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fuchs, Benedikt, Didier Sornette, and Stefan Thurner. 2014. “Fractal Multi-Level Organisation of Human Groups in a Virtual World.” Scientific Reports 4 (October 2014): 6526.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Massey, Shane, Linsey A. Yeager, Carla A. Blumentritt, Sudhamathi Vijayakumar, Elena Sbrana, Johnny W. Peterson, Trevor Brasel, James W. LeDuc, Janice J. Endsley, and Alfredo G. Torres. 2014. “Comparative Burkholderia Pseudomallei Natural History Virulence Studies Using an Aerosol Murine Model of Infection.” Scientific Reports 4 (March 2014): 4305.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Willis, David O. 2013. Business Basics for Dentists. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Akram, Raja Naeem, and Sushil Jajodia, eds. 2015. Information Security Theory and Practice: 9th IFIP WG 11.2 International Conference, WISTP 2015, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, August 24-25, 2015. Proceedings. Vol. 9311. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Laguillaumie, Fabien, Benoît Libert, and Jean-Jacques Quisquater. 2006. “Universal Designated Verifier Signatures Without Random Oracles or Non-Black Box Assumptions.” In Security and Cryptography for Networks: 5th International Conference, SCN 2006, Maiori, Italy, September 6-8, 2006. Proceedings, edited by Roberto De Prisco and Moti Yung, 63–77. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, David Hutchison, Takeo Kanade, Josef Kittler, Jon M. Kleinberg, Friedemann Mattern, John C. Mitchell, Moni Naor, et al. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Early Childhood Education Research Journal.

Blog post

Evans, Katy. 2017. “Nepal Burns Stockpile Of 4,000 Animal Parts To Fight Trafficking.” IFLScience, IFLScience, May 29. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/nepal-burns-stockpile-of-4000-animal-parts-to-fight-trafficking/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2001. Aviation Security: Vulnerabilities in, and Alternatives for, Preboard Screening Security Operations. GAO-01-1171T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sugg, Jason. 2012. “Small Graces: Mapping a Route of Beauty to the Heart of the World.” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, George Gene. 2016. “Comic Book Looks at Harsh Life in Syria.” New York Times, October 3, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Breukink 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Breukink 2009; Hager and Johnstone 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hager and Johnstone 2003)
Three authors: (Fuchs, Sornette, and Thurner 2014)
4 or more authors: (Massey et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Early Childhood Education Research Journal
Abbreviation	Eur. Early Child. Educ. Res. J.
ISSN (print)	1350-293X
ISSN (online)	1752-1807
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education