How to format your references using the European Geriatric Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Geriatric Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Boughman J. Great expectations. Nature 2007;447:752.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Chandrashekar CM, Busch T. Quantum percolation and transition point of a directed discrete-time quantum walk. Sci Rep 2014;4:6583.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Templeton CN, Greene E, Davis K. Allometry of alarm calls: black-capped chickadees encode information about predator size. Science 2005;308:1934–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Matsuzaki M, Honkura N, Ellis-Davies GCR, Kasai H. Structural basis of long-term potentiation in single dendritic spines. Nature 2004;429:761–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Botsai E, Kaneshiro C, Cuccia P, Pajo H. The Architect’s Guide to Preventing Water Infiltration. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

vom Brocke J, Rosemann M, editors. Handbook on Business Process Management 1: Introduction, Methods, and Information Systems. 2nd ed. 2015. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Braissant O, Bachmann C, Henry H. Expression and Function of Agat, Gamt and CT1 in the Mammalian Brain. In: Salomons GS, Wyss M, editors. Creatine and Creatine Kinase in Health and Disease, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007, p. 67–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Geriatric Medicine.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Hilarious Responses To Nobel Prize Winner Tim Hunt’s Sexist Comments. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientists-mock-nobel-prize-winner-tim-hunt-distractinglysexy-twitter/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Airline Deregulation: Reregulating the Airline Industry Would Likely Reverse Consumer Benefits and Not Save Airline Pensions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hendricks-Harris MT. Quality Induction: The Effects of Comprehensive Induction on New Teacher Retention and Job Satisfaction. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Tierney J. The Perfect Gift? It’s the One They Asked For. New York Times 2016:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Geriatric Medicine
Abbreviation	Eur. Geriatr. Med.
ISSN (print)	1878-7649
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Gerontology