How to format your references using the European Journal of Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nasrallah, J.B. (2002). Recognition and rejection of self in plant reproduction. Science 296, 305–308.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lorincz, A., Nusser, Z. (2010). Molecular identity of dendritic voltage-gated sodium channels. Science 328, 906–909.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mabe, S., Nagamune, T., Kawahara, M. (2014). Detecting protein-protein interactions based on kinase-mediated growth induction of mammalian cells. Sci Rep 4, 6127.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Cole, B.E., Williams, J.B., King, B.T., Sherwin, M.S., Stanley, C.R. (2001). Coherent manipulation of semiconductor quantum bits with terahertz radiation. Nature 410, 60–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety (2000). Guidelines for Process Safety in Outsourced Manufacturing Operations (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).

An edited book

(2006). Swarm Intelligence in Data Mining (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer).

A chapter in an edited book

Hill, R. (2014). Chapter 4 Internet Governance: The Last Gasp of Colonialism, or Imperialism by Other Means? In The Evolution of Global Internet Governance: Principles and Policies in the Making, R. Radu, J.-M. Chenou, and R.H. Weber, eds. (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), pp. 79–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Pain.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016). People Working In These Jobs Are Most Likely To Cheat On Their Partner (IFLScience).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014). Cloud Computing: Additional Opportunities and Savings Need to Be Pursued (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sanghvi, A.M. (2009). Characterization of algal biomeal for applications in food. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Robles, F., Alvarez, L., Yee, V. (2017). Entire State Shudders as Hurricane Irma Roars Into Florida. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nasrallah, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Lorincz and Nusser, 2010; Nasrallah, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lorincz and Nusser, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Cole et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Pain
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Pain
ISSN (print)	1090-3801
ISSN (online)	1532-2149
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine