How to format your references using the Journal of Refractive Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Refractive Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Take your partner by the hand. Nature. 2005;435(7046):1281.

A journal article with 2 authors

Embley TM, Williams TA. Evolution: Steps on the road to eukaryotes. Nature. 2015;521(7551):169-170.

A journal article with 3 authors

Charlebois RL, Beiko RG, Ragan MA. Microbial phylogenomics: Branching out. Nature. 2003;421(6920):217.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Xu J, Gao Q, Zhang Y, et al. Preparing two-dimensional microporous carbon from Pistachio nutshell with high areal capacitance as supercapacitor materials. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5545.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ambachtsheer KP. The Future of Pension Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

Minker W, Bühler D, Dybkjær L, eds. Spoken Multimodal Human-Computer Dialogue in Mobile Environments. Vol 28. Springer Netherlands; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Klenerman P, Barnes E. Immune Responses Against the Hepatitis C Virus and the Outcome of Therapy. In: Jirillo E, ed. Hepatitis C Virus Disease: Immunobiology and Clinical Applications. Springer; 2008:71-86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Refractive Surgery.

Blog post

Luntz S. Scientists Find Traces Of Enormous Solar Storms That Once Hit The Earth. IFLScience. October 28, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Perkins Student Loans: Need for Better Controls Over Loans Recovered From Closed Schools. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pasricha LA. North African Women in Spain: Dreams and Reality, Identity and Belonging. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker KJ. White-Collar Supremacy. New York Times. November 25, 2016:A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Refractive Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Refract. Surg.
ISSN (print)	1081-597X
ISSN (online)	1938-2391
Scope	Ophthalmology Surgery