How to format your references using the European Journal of Special Needs Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Journal of Special Needs Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tegmark, Max. 2002. “Measuring Spacetime: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 296 (5572): 1427–1433.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alonso, Jose M., and Anna N. Stepanova. 2004. “The Ethylene Signaling Pathway.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 (5701): 1513–1515.

A journal article with 3 authors

Touboul, Mathieu, Igor S. Puchtel, and Richard J. Walker. 2015. “Tungsten Isotopic Evidence for Disproportional Late Accretion to the Earth and Moon.” Nature 520 (7548): 530–533.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Forbes, Andrew A., Thomas H. Q. Powell, Lukasz L. Stelinski, James J. Smith, and Jeffrey L. Feder. 2009. “Sequential Sympatric Speciation across Trophic Levels.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 323 (5915): 776–779.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Avlonas, Nikos, and George P. Nassos. 2013. Practical Sustainability Strategies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Abrams, Laura S., Emma Hughes, Michelle Inderbitzin, and Rosie Meek, eds. 2016. The Voluntary Sector in Prisons: Encouraging Personal and Institutional Change. Palgrave Studies in Prisons and Penology. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

A chapter in an edited book

Mezentsev, Andrey A., Antonio Munjiza, and John-Paul Latham. 2005. “Unstructured Computational Meshes for Subdivision Geometry of Scanned Geological Objects.” In Proceedings of the 14th International Meshing Roundtable, edited by Byron W. Hanks, 73–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Journal of Special Needs Education.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2017. “How New Hepatitis C Drugs Could Tackle Liver Cancer, Too.” IFLScience, IFLScience, March 7. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-new-hepatitis-c-drugs-could-tackle-liver-cancer-too/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. B-2 Bomber: Early Radar Signature Tests. NSIAD-91-188. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodriguez, Daniel. 2017. “Numerical Simulation of a Flowfield Around a Hypersonic Missile with Lateral Jets.” Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, Sophia. 2010. “Russia: Fire Destroys Church Near Ravine Where Remains of a Czar Were Found.” New York Times, September 15, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tegmark 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Tegmark 2002; Alonso and Stepanova 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Alonso and Stepanova 2004)
Three authors: (Touboul, Puchtel, and Walker 2015)
4 or more authors: (Forbes et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	European Journal of Special Needs Education
Abbreviation	Eur. J. Spec. Needs Educ.
ISSN (print)	0885-6257
ISSN (online)	1469-591X
Scope	Developmental and Educational Psychology Education Health Professions (miscellaneous)