How to format your references using the European Urology Focus citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for European Urology Focus. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Farah MJ. NEUROSCIENCE. The unknowns of cognitive enhancement. Science 2015;350:379–80.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wortmann UG, Chernyavsky BM. Effect of evaporite deposition on Early Cretaceous carbon and sulphur cycling. Nature 2007;446:654–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Wang TT, Parides MK, Palese P. Seroevidence for H5N1 influenza infections in humans: meta-analysis. Science 2012;335:1463.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Kilner PJ, Yang GZ, Wilkes AJ, Mohiaddin RH, Firmin DN, Yacoub MH. Asymmetric redirection of flow through the heart. Nature 2000;404:759–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Godula-Jopek A, Jehle W, Wellnitz J. Hydrogen Storage Technologies. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Klinov P, Mouromtsev D, editors. Knowledge Engineering and the Semantic Web: 4th International Conference, KESW 2013, St. Petersburg, Russia, October 7-9, 2013. Proceedings. vol. 394. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kubczak C, Margaria T, Steffen B, Nagel R. Service-oriented Mediation with jABC/jETI. In: Petrie C, Margaria T, Lausen H, Zaremba M, editors. Semantic Web Services Challenge: Results from the First Year, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009, p. 71–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for European Urology Focus.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Couple Found Holding Hands For 700 Years. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Major Management Challenges and Program Risks: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Krishnan R. Generalized Conditional Matching Algorithm for Ordered and Unordered Sets. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Robles F. Police Officers Are Haunted by Grisly Scene Inside Orlando Club. New York Times 2016:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	European Urology Focus
Abbreviation	Eur. Urol. Focus
ISSN (print)	2405-4569
Scope	Urology