How to format your references using the Experimental Mechanics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Experimental Mechanics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Suresh S (2012) Research funding: Global challenges need global solutions. Nature 490:337–338

A journal article with 2 authors

Clapier CR, Cairns BR (2012) Regulation of ISWI involves inhibitory modules antagonized by nucleosomal epitopes. Nature 492:280–284

A journal article with 3 authors

Merkle FT, Mirzadeh Z, Alvarez-Buylla A (2007) Mosaic organization of neural stem cells in the adult brain. Science 317:381–384

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Benvenuti F, Hugues S, Walmsley M, et al (2004) Requirement of Rac1 and Rac2 expression by mature dendritic cells for T cell priming. Science 305:1150–1153

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zadora G, Martyna A, Ramos D, Aitken C (2013) Statistical Analysis in Forensic Science. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Bomze IM (2010) Nonlinear Optimization: Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Cetraro, Italy, July 1-7, 2007. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Uppoor RS, Vaidyanathan J, Mehta M, Yu LX (2014) Biowaiver and Biopharmaceutics Classification System. In: Yu LX, Li BV (eds) FDA Bioequivalence Standards. Springer, New York, NY, pp 119–137

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Experimental Mechanics.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2016) Elon Musk Wants To Send Humans To Mars As Early As 2024. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/elon-musk-wants-to-send-humans-to-mars-as-early-as-2024/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Civil Agency Aircraft: Agencies’ Use of Certain Aircraft to Transport Passengers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thompson K (2014) An Introduction to the Cox Proportional Hazards Model and Its Applications to Survival Analysis. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Anderson J (2017) The Documentary Left Looks to the Right. New York Times AR15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Experimental Mechanics
Abbreviation	Exp. Mech.
ISSN (print)	0014-4851
ISSN (online)	1741-2765
Scope	Aerospace Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials