How to format your references using the Fire Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fire Technology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hestrin S (2011) Neuroscience. The strength of electrical synapses. Science 334:315–316

A journal article with 2 authors

Meister G, Tuschl T (2004) Mechanisms of gene silencing by double-stranded RNA. Nature 431:343–349

A journal article with 3 authors

He Y, Michaels SD, Amasino RM (2003) Regulation of flowering time by histone acetylation in Arabidopsis. Science 302:1751–1754

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kato YK, Myers RC, Gossard AC, Awschalom DD (2004) Observation of the spin Hall effect in semiconductors. Science 306:1910–1913

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Remy J-G, Letamendia C (2014) LTE Services. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Tsihrintzis GA, Damiani E, Virvou M, et al (2010) Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Maher CA, Sran MK, Yankelewitz D (2010) Towers: Schemes, Strategies, and Arguments. In: Maher CA, Powell AB, Uptegrove EB (eds) Combinatorics and Reasoning: Representing, Justifying and Building Isomorphisms. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 27–43

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fire Technology.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Hungry Young Stars Change Color When They Eat Their Own Planets. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/hungry-young-stars-change-color-when-they-eat-their-own-planets/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973) Substitution of Shore Leave for Sick Leave. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anderson CW (2009) Breaking journalism down: Work, authority, and networking local news, 1997–2009. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sengupta S, Kishkovsky S (2016) Barred From U.N. Work in Graft Case, Russians Return to Airdrop Aid. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fire Technology
Abbreviation	Fire Technol.
ISSN (print)	0015-2684
ISSN (online)	1572-8099
Scope	Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality General Materials Science