How to format your references using the International Journal of Forecasting citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Forecasting. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roenneberg, T. (2013). Chronobiology: the human sleep project. Nature, 498(7455), 427–428.

A journal article with 2 authors

Austin, A. T., & Vivanco, L. (2006). Plant litter decomposition in a semi-arid ecosystem controlled by photodegradation. Nature, 442(7102), 555–558.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bento, G., Ogawa, A., & Sommer, R. J. (2010). Co-option of the hormone-signalling module dafachronic acid-DAF-12 in nematode evolution. Nature, 466(7305), 494–497.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Salzberg, S. L., White, O., Peterson, J., & Eisen, J. A. (2001). Microbial genes in the human genome: lateral transfer or gene loss? Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5523), 1903–1906.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lunn, G., & Sansone, E. B. (2012). Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gilroy, S. W., & Harrison, M. D. (Eds.). (2006). Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification: 12th International Workshop, DSVIS 2005, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, July 13-15, 2005. Revised Papers (Vol. 3941). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang, T. (2011). “Public Archaeology” in China: A Preliminary Investigation. In K. Okamura & A. Matsuda (Eds.), New Perspectives in Global Public Archaeology (pp. 43–56). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Forecasting.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, February 22). The Deepwater Horizon Disaster Released A Heart-Damaging Pollutant. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/deepwater-horizon-disaster-released-heartdamaging-pollutant/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Social Security Administration: Effective Planning and Management Practices Are Key to Overcoming IT Modernization Challenges (GAO-16-815T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

An, D. (2017). Improved Flotation of Bastnaesite and Chalcopyrite [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, October 5). Wilpons First Need To Replace Mind-Set. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Roenneberg, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Austin & Vivanco, 2006; Roenneberg, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Austin & Vivanco, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Salzberg et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Forecasting
Abbreviation	Int. J. Forecast.
ISSN (print)	0169-2070
Scope	Business and International Management