How to format your references using the Flow, Turbulence and Combustion citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lewenstein, M.: Physics. Resolving physical processes on the attosecond time scale. Science. 297, 1131–1132 (2002)

A journal article with 2 authors

Primakoff, P., Myles, D.G.: Penetration, adhesion, and fusion in mammalian sperm-egg interaction. Science. 296, 2183–2185 (2002)

A journal article with 3 authors

Wheeler, Q., Assis, L., Rieppel, O.: Phylogenetics: Heed the father of cladistics. Nature. 496, 295–296 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Eerenstein, W., Morrison, F.D., Dho, J., Blamire, M.G., Scott, J.F., Mathur, N.D.: Comment on “Epitaxial BiFeO3 multiferroic thin film heterostructures.” Science. 307, 1203; author reply 1203 (2005)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ghez, R.: A Primer of Diffusion Problems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG (2005)

An edited book

Khurshid, S., Sen, K. eds: Runtime Verification: Second International Conference, RV 2011, San Francisco, CA, USA, September 27-30, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)

A chapter in an edited book

Jensen, R.R., Hardin, P.J.: Using Satellite Data to Estimate Urban Leaf Area Index. In: Jensen, R.R., Gatrell, J.D., and McLean, D. (eds.) Geo-Spatial Technologies in Urban Environments: Policy, Practice, and Pixels. pp. 93–107. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2007)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Flow, Turbulence and Combustion.

Blog post

Hale, T.: Vets Remove 915 Coins From Inside Sea Turtle’s Stomach In Thailand, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/vets-remove-915-coins-from-inside-sea-turtles-stomach-in-thailand/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: NASA Contract Payments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2002)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richard, K.: College Programs in Women’s Prisons: Faculty Perceptions of Teaching Higher Education Behind Bars, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Surico, J.: Queens Woman Killed in Attack by Her Dog, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Flow, Turbulence and Combustion
Abbreviation	Appl. Sci. Res.
ISSN (print)	1386-6184
ISSN (online)	1573-1987
Scope	General Chemical Engineering Physical and Theoretical Chemistry General Physics and Astronomy