How to format your references using the Fractal and Fractional citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Fractal and Fractional. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Peplow, M. Structure: The Anatomy of Sleep. Nature 2013, 497, S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yoon, S.-J.; Lee, Y.-W. An Aligned Stream of Low-Metallicity Clusters in the Halo of the Milky Way. Science 2002, 297, 578–581.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu, Z.; Zhang, X.-S.; Zhang, S. Breast Tumor Subgroups Reveal Diverse Clinical Prognostic Power. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4002.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Baker, D.A.; Mille-Baker, B.; Wainwright, S.M.; Ish-Horowicz, D.; Dibb, N.J. Mae Mediates MAP Kinase Phosphorylation of Ets Transcription Factors in Drosophila. Nature 2001, 411, 330–334.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kagan, E.; Ben-Gal, I. Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2013; ISBN 9781118596593.

An edited book

Challenges for Human Security Engineering; Matsuoka, Y., Yoshida, M., Eds.; Environmental Science and Engineering; Springer Japan: Tokyo, 2014; ISBN 9784431542872.

A chapter in an edited book

Martindale, R.G.; Deveney, C.W. Preoperative Preparation of the Patient Undergoing Incisional Hernia Repair: Optimizing Chances for Success. In Hernia Surgery: Current Principles; Novitsky, Y.W., Ed.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 31–40 ISBN 9783319274683.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Fractal and Fractional.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Go On A Spectacular Infrared Tour Of The Milky Way In This Video Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/go-spectacular-tour-milky-way-infrared/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Airline Deregulation: Reregulating the Airline Industry Would Likely Reverse Consumer Benefits and Not Save Airline Pensions; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2006;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Allen, H.T. The Songs of Lori Laitman: An Analysis of Sunflowers and Early Snow. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grazda, E.; Leland, J. Before the Gentry Moved In. New York Times 2017, MB8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Fractal and Fractional
Abbreviation	Fractal Fract.
ISSN (online)	2504-3110
Scope