How to format your references using the Freshwater Crayfish citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Freshwater Crayfish. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maxmen A (2013). Drug development: A combined effort. Nature 502(7470): S4-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Willenbring JK and von Blanckenburg F (2010). Long-term stability of global erosion rates and weathering during late-Cenozoic cooling. Nature 465(7295): 211–214.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lykotrafitis G, Rosakis AJ and Ravichandran G (2006). Self-healing pulse-like shear ruptures in the laboratory. Science (New York, N.Y.) 313(5794): 1765–1768.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Anderson TM, Neiwert WA, Kirk ML, Piccoli PMB, Schultz AJ, Koetzle TF, Musaev DG, Morokuma K, Cao R and Hill CL (2004). A late-transition metal oxo complex: K7Na9[O=PtIV(H2O)L2], L = [PW9O34]9-. Science (New York, N.Y.) 306(5704): 2074–2077.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sallaberry C (2013). Geographical Information Retrieval in Textual Corpora. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA.

An edited book

Hollo EJ, Kulovesi K and Mehling M (eds.) (2013). Climate Change and the Law. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Holmstrup P and Flyvbjerg A (2016). Linkage Between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. Pp. 35–44, In: Lynge Pedersen AM (ed.) Oral Infections and General Health: From Molecule to Chairside, Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Freshwater Crayfish.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015). Man’s Severed Finger Regrown Using Tissue From A Pig. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/we-can-rebuild-finger-we-have-power/[accessed30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978). The Proper Use of Consultants, Experts, and Contractors. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sato O (2010). The use of statistical metrics as a decision making tool in brief experimental analysis. Doctoral dissertation Thesis, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2006). Justices to Expand Review of ‘Partial-Birth’ Abortion Ban. New York Times: A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maxmen 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Willenbring and von Blanckenburg 2010; Maxmen 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Willenbring and von Blanckenburg 2010)
Three or more authors: (Anderson et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Freshwater Crayfish
Abbreviation	Freshw. Crayfish
ISSN (print)	2076-4324
ISSN (online)	2076-4332
Scope