How to format your references using the Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sawyer RJ. The abdication of Pope Mary III...or Galileo’s revenge. Nature (2000) 406:23.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brucker RM, Bordenstein SR. Response to Comment on “The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia.” Science (2014) 345:1011.

A journal article with 3 authors

Truog RD, Kesselheim AS, Joffe S. Research ethics. Paying patients for their tissue: the legacy of Henrietta Lacks. Science (2012) 337:37–38.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lareau LF, Inada M, Green RE, Wengrod JC, Brenner SE. Unproductive splicing of SR genes associated with highly conserved and ultraconserved DNA elements. Nature (2007) 446:926–929.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Varrall G. Making Telecoms Work. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2011).

An edited book

López-Larrea C ed. Sensing in Nature. New York, NY: Springer US. (2012). XXII, 314 p. 52 illus., 19 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Muggleton SH, Lodhi H, Amini A, Sternberg MJE. “Support Vector Inductive Logic Programming.,” In: Holmes DE, Jain LC, editors. Innovations in Machine Learning: Theory and Applications. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer (2006). p. 113–135

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dental Plaque Reveals Pre-Agriculture Plant Food For Humans. IFLScience (2014) https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dental-plaque-reveals-pre-agriculture-plant-food-humans/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research Opportunities: DOE, DOD, and HHS Need Better Guidance for Participant Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (2016).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Byrd ML. Investigating an Afterschool Program for Black Teenage Males Designed to Increase Self-Efficacy. [Doctoral dissertation]. St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University. (2012).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. The Rise of Surreality TV. New York Times (2017)C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Abbreviation	Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
ISSN (online)	2297-055X
Scope