How to format your references using the Frontiers in Craniofacial Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Craniofacial Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage, P. E. (2012). Chemistry. Algae under pressure and in hot water. Science 338, 1039–1040.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rainey, P. B., and Rainey, K. (2003). Evolution of cooperation and conflict in experimental bacterial populations. Nature 425, 72–74.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ward, A. B., Sali, A., and Wilson, I. A. (2013). Biochemistry. Integrative structural biology. Science 339, 913–915.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wachowiak, A., Wiebe, J., Bode, M., Pietzsch, O., Morgenstern, M., and Wiesendanger, R. (2002). Direct observation of internal spin structure of magnetic vortex cores. Science 298, 577–580.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eklund, C., Marks, R. B., Ponnuswamy, S., Stanwood, K. L., and van Waes, N. J. M. (2011). WirelessMAN®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Technau, G. M. ed. (2008). Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Sriprang, R., and Murooka, Y. (2007). “Accumulation and Detoxification of Metals by Plants and Microbes,” in Environmental Bioremediation Technologies, eds. S. N. Singh and R. D. Tripathi (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 77–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Craniofacial Biology.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016). This Guy Built A Homemade Hoverbike In His Shed. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/guy-built-homemade-hoverbike-his-shed/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001). Early Childhood Programs: The Use of Impact Evaluations to Assess Program Effects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wheeler, T. J. (2009). Efficient construction of accurate multiple alignments and large-scale phylogenies. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2016). In Rejection of Steinbrenner, the Hall Adopts His Brashness. New York Times, D8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Rainey and Rainey, 2003; Savage, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rainey and Rainey, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Wachowiak et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Craniofacial Biology
Abbreviation	Front. Physiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-042X
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical)