How to format your references using the Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Biba, E. (2014). Protection: the sunscreen pill. Nature 515, S124-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Birney, E., and Soranzo, N. (2015). Human genomics: The end of the start for population sequencing. Nature 526, 52–53.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tanimura, H., Kanasaki, J., and Tanimura, K. (2014). State-resolved ultrafast dynamics of impact ionization in InSb. Sci. Rep. 4, 6849.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gao, R., Cui, Y., Liu, X., and Wang, L. (2014). Multifunctional interface modification of energy relay dye in quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 5570.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cross, M., and MacDonald, B. (2008). Nutrition in Institutions. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Petters, A. O. (2016). An Introduction to Mathematical Finance with Applications: Understanding and Building Financial Intuition., ed. X. Dong. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Pardillo, J., Golfarelli, M., Rizzi, S., and Trujillo, J. (2009). “Visual Modelling of Data Warehousing Flows with UML Profiles,” in Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery: 11th International Conference, DaWaK 2009 Linz, Austria, August 31–September 2, 2009 Proceedings, eds. T. B. Pedersen, M. K. Mohania, and A. M. Tjoa (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 36–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015). Thailand Confirms First MERS Case. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993). Space Operations: Archiving Space Science Data Needs Further Management Improvements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Klein, J. (2017). Mississippian Space and Place: A Geographical Study of Archaeological Site Data in the American Bottom. Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

LaFORGIA, M. (2017). Delaying Repairs on Decrepit Tracks. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Biba, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Biba, 2014; Birney and Soranzo, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Birney and Soranzo, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Gao et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Extreme Microbiology
Abbreviation	Front. Microbiol.
ISSN (online)	1664-302X
Scope	Microbiology Microbiology (medical)