How to format your references using the Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kappe, C. O. (2010). Journal club. A chemist muses on the technique of microwaving flowing chemical reactions. Nature 464, 817.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barbi, E., and Vaupel, J. W. (2005). Comment on “Inflammatory exposure and historical changes in human life-spans.” Science 308, 1743; author reply 1743.

A journal article with 3 authors

Roberts, L., Stone, R., and Sugden, A. (2009). The rise of restoration ecology. Science 325, 555.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Barnosky, A. D., Matzke, N., Tomiya, S., Wogan, G. O. U., Swartz, B., Quental, T. B., et al. (2011). Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature 471, 51–57.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bell, M. (2016). Incremental Software Architecture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tong, L. (2010). Subwavelength and Nanometer Diameter Optical Fibers., ed. M. Sumetsky. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gerdes, J. C., and Thornton, S. M. (2016). “Implementable Ethics for Autonomous Vehicles,” in Autonomous Driving: Technical, Legal and Social Aspects, eds. M. Maurer, J. C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, and H. Winner (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 87–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Pharmacology.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016). Stand-up Comedians Are More Likely To Die Prematurely, With The Funniest Most Likely To Go First. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/standup-comedians-are-more-likely-to-die-prematurely-with-the-funniest-most-likely-to-go-first/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013). Information Technology: OMB and Agencies Need to More Effectively Implement Major Initiatives to Save Billions of Dollars. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zohourian, M. (2015). Supply Chain Decision Making Under Demand Uncertainty and the Use of Control Systems: A Correlational Study. Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Whiteside, K., Das, A., and Lyall, S. (2017). The Winner, in a Comeback. New York Times, B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kappe, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Barbi and Vaupel, 2005; Kappe, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Barbi and Vaupel, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Barnosky et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Front. Pharmacol.
ISSN (online)	1663-9812
Scope	Pharmacology (medical) Pharmacology