How to format your references using the Frontiers in HIV and AIDS citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in HIV and AIDS. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Watts, D. J. (2007). A twenty-first century science. Nature 445, 489.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lankau, R. A., and Strauss, S. Y. (2007). Mutual feedbacks maintain both genetic and species diversity in a plant community. Science 317, 1561–1563.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang, N., Xu, Y., and Jiang, D. (2014). High-performance heterogeneous catalysis with surface-exposed stable metal nanoparticles. Sci. Rep. 4, 7228.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Brandt, K., Wolff, M. F. H., Salikov, V., Heinrich, S., and Schneider, G. A. (2013). A novel method for a multi-level hierarchical composite with brick-and-mortar structure. Sci. Rep. 3, 2322.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen, G., Wang, X., and Li, X. (2014). Fundamentals of Complex Networks. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Kozłowski, K. R. ed. (2009). Robot Motion and Control 2009. London: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Campbell, L. J. (2016). “Numerical Simulations of the Dynamics of Vortex Rossby Waves on a Beta-Plane,” in Mathematical and Computational Approaches in Advancing Modern Science and Engineering, eds. J. Bélair, I. A. Frigaard, H. Kunze, R. Makarov, R. Melnik, and R. J. Spiteri (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 35–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in HIV and AIDS.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015). Scientists Shave Spider’s Moustaches To See If They Help Lure Prey. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/prey-are-drawn-brown-spiders-white-moustache/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013). Highway Trust Fund Obligations, Fiscal Years 2009 to 2011. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Akiyama, K. M. (2017). Taste Detection in Post-Laryngectomy Head and Neck Cancer Survivors and Its Effect on Dietary Intake and Malnutrition Status. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fernandez, M., and Fausset, R. (2017). Houston Mayor’s Grave Dilemma: Whether to Tell Residents to Stay or Go. New York Times, A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Watts, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Lankau and Strauss, 2007; Watts, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lankau and Strauss, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Brandt et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in HIV and AIDS
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope