How to format your references using the Journal of Intelligent Information Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Intelligent Information Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gravitz, L. (2011). Diagnostics: The early bird. Nature, 480(7377), S36-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kuo, I.-F. W., & Mundy, C. J. (2004). An ab initio molecular dynamics study of the aqueous liquid-vapor interface. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5658), 658–660.

A journal article with 3 authors

Walker, J. R., Corpina, R. A., & Goldberg, J. (2001). Structure of the Ku heterodimer bound to DNA and its implications for double-strand break repair. Nature, 412(6847), 607–614.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Li, Q., Chen, M., Perc, M., Iqbal, A., & Abbott, D. (2013). Effects of adaptive degrees of trust on coevolution of quantum strategies on scale-free networks. Scientific reports, 3, 2949.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hines, M. (2015). Marketing implant dentistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Koslowski, P. (Ed.). (2005). The Discovery of Historicity in German Idealism and Historism. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Endres, D., Fuest, C., & Spengel, C. (2010). Tax Incentives in the Asia-Pacific Region. In D. Endres, C. Fuest, & C. Spengel (Eds.), Company Taxation in the Asia-Pacific Region, India, and Russia (pp. 33–54). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Intelligent Information Systems.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, April 13). Space Travel Makes Cherry Trees Bloom Years Early. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/space-travel-makes-cherry-trees-bloom-years-early/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Federal Research: NIH and EPA Need to Improve Conflict of Interest Reviews for Research Arrangements with Private Sector Entities (No. GAO-05-191). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moore, C. (2017). Seasonal Temperature Reconstruction for Northeastern Siberia during the Late Pleistocene from High-Resolution Oxygen Isotope Measurements Across Fossil Wood (Doctoral dissertation). University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. (2006, November 19). Long Island Weekend: A 48-Hour Treadmill of Activity -- Saturday. New York Times, p. 14LI12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gravitz 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Gravitz 2011; Kuo and Mundy 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kuo and Mundy 2004)
Three or more authors: (Li et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Abbreviation	J. Intell. Inf. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0925-9902
ISSN (online)	1573-7675
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software