How to format your references using the Frontiers in Immunology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Immunology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bloom BR. WHO needs change. Nature (2011) 473:143–145.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dennett-Thorpe J, de Bruyn AG. Interstellar scintillation as the origin of the rapid radio variability of the quasar J1819+3845. Nature (2002) 415:57–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nelson WA, Bjørnstad ON, Yamanaka T. Recurrent insect outbreaks caused by temperature-driven changes in system stability. Science (2013) 341:796–799.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Degroote P, Aerts C, Baglin A, Miglio A, Briquet M, Noels A, Niemczura E, Montalban J, Bloemen S, Oreiro R, et al. Deviations from a uniform period spacing of gravity modes in a massive star. Nature (2010) 464:259–261.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Estampe D. Supply Chain Performance and Evaluation Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2014).

An edited book

Castano S, Vassiliadis P, Lakshmanan LV, Lee ML eds. Advances in Conceptual Modeling: ER 2012 Workshops CMS, ECDM-NoCoDA, MoDIC, MORE-BI, RIGiM, SeCoGIS, WISM, Florence, Italy, October 15-18, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. (2012). XX, 406 p. 130 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Kuznetsov A, Mikheev N. “Particle Dispersion in External Active Media.,” In: Mikheev N, editor. Electroweak Processes in External Active Media. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer (2013). p. 45–126

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Immunology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Using Seawater To Create Jet Fuel. IFLScience (2014) https://www.iflscience.com/technology/using-seawater-create-jet-fuel/ [Accessed October 30, 2018]

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Government: Selection and Implementation of the Office of Management and Budget’s 24 Initiatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (2002).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nash MC. Reading Achievement: A Study of Perceptions of First-Grade Teachers and the Relationship Between Attendance and Reading Achievement. [Doctoral dissertation]. St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University. (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. A Gadget to Slow-Cook, and One to Fast-Forward. New York Times (2017)B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Immunology
Abbreviation	Front. Immunol.
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
Scope