How to format your references using the Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ziff, R. M. (2013). Mathematics. Getting the jump on explosive percolation. Science 339, 1159–1160.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson, D., and Brenner, S. (2008). Obituary: Seymour Benzer (1921-2007). Nature 451, 139.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohn, A., Fehr, E., and Maréchal, M. A. (2014). Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry. Nature 516, 86–89.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Waters, A. P., Mota, M. M., van Dijk, M. R., and Janse, C. J. (2005). Parasitology. Malaria vaccines: back to the future? Science 307, 528–530.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gutiérrez, Í., Meléndez, J., and Hernández, E. (2007). Design and Characterization of Integrated Varactors for RF Applications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Davidsson, E., and Jakobsson, A. eds. (2012). Understanding Interactions at Science Centers and Museums: Approaching Sociocultural Perspectives. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Eakin, C. M., Lough, J. M., and Heron, S. F. (2009). “Climate Variability and Change: Monitoring Data and Evidence for Increased Coral Bleaching Stress,” in Coral Bleaching: Patterns, Processes, Causes and Consequences, eds. M. J. H. van Oppen and J. M. Lough (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 41–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2016). Gut Microbes Control Parkinson’s Disease In Mice. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/gut-microbes-control-parkinsons-disease-in-mice/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990). Tax System Modernization: Status of IRS’ Input Processing Initiative. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gilmore, A. G. (2017). Quantification of oxidative reaction efficiencies for hydroxyl radical oxidized antibiotics. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dyson, M. E. (2017). Racial Violence on the Screen. New York Times, SR9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ziff, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Anderson and Brenner, 2008; Ziff, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Anderson and Brenner, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Waters et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Sleep and Chronobiology
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology