How to format your references using the Frontiers in Stroke citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Stroke. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brody, H. (2015). Colorectal cancer. Nature 521, S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Singer, P. A., and Daar, A. S. (2001). Harnessing genomics and biotechnology to improve global health equity. Science 294, 87–89.

A journal article with 3 authors

Comas, D., Petit, F., and Preat, T. (2004). Drosophila long-term memory formation involves regulation of cathepsin activity. Nature 430, 460–463.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kikuchi, K., Terauchi, K., Wada, M., and Hirano, H.-Y. (2003). The plant MITE mPing is mobilized in anther culture. Nature 421, 167–170.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tms (2011). Engineering Solutions for Sustainability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Peulvast, J.-P. (2015). Landforms and Landscape Evolution of the Equatorial Margin of Northeast Brazil: An Overview., ed. F. Bétard. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Meiners, C. R., Liu, A. X., and Torng, E. (2010). “Bit Weaving,” in Hardware Based Packet Classification for High Speed Internet Routers, eds. A. X. Liu and E. Torng (Boston, MA: Springer US), 41–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Stroke.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). New Study Shows Elephants Console One Another. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-study-shows-elephants-console-one-another/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1979). Improvements Recommended for Better Oversight of the Capitol Page School. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ringberg, J. E. (2012). Daily life at Cerro León, an Early Intermediate period highland settlement in the Moche Valley, Peru. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman, J. (2016). Size Matters: Secrets of the Orchid Mantis. New York Times, D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brody, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Singer and Daar, 2001; Brody, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Singer and Daar, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Kikuchi et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Stroke
Abbreviation	Front. Neurol.
ISSN (online)	1664-2295
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology