How to format your references using the Frontiers of Biogeography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers of Biogeography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

White, T.D. (2012) Retrospective. Phillip V. Tobias (1925-2012). Science (New York, N.Y.) 337, 423.

A journal article with 2 authors

Coura, J.R. & Viñas, P.A. (2010) Chagas disease: a new worldwide challenge. Nature 465, S6-7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Raty, J.-Y., Schwegler, E. & Bonev, S.A. (2007) Electronic and structural transitions in dense liquid sodium. Nature 449, 448–451.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Whiteley, M., Bangera, M.G., Bumgarner, R.E., Parsek, M.R., Teitzel, G.M., Lory, S. & Greenberg, E.P. (2001) Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nature 413, 860–864.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Geisser, S. (2005) Modes of Parametric Statistical Inference: Geisser/Modes of Parametric Statistical Inference. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Rehm, G. & Uszkoreit, H. eds. (2012) The Romanian Language in the Digital Age. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Brodusch, N., Trudeau, M.L., Michaud, P., Brochu, M., Rodrigue, L., Boselli, J. & Gauvin, R. (2016) Improvement in the Characterization of the 2099 Al-Li Alloy by FE-SEM. In: ICAA13 Pittsburgh: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys. (ed. by H. Weiland, A.D. Rollett, and W.A. Cassada), pp. 23–28, Springer International Publishing, Cham

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers of Biogeography.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015) Scientists Discover Secret To Butterfly’s Invisible Wings. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/invisible-butterflies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) Job Corps: Better Targeted Career Training and Improved Preenrollment Information Could Enhance Female Residential Student Recruitment and Retention. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Van Name, J. (2013) Boolean Partition Algebras. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lowrey, A. (2013) The Bucks Stopped Here. New York Times,. 10 January:. p. MM30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (White 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Coura and Viñas 2010, White 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Coura and Viñas 2010)
Three or more authors: (Whiteley et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers of Biogeography
ISSN (online)	1948-6596
Scope