How to format your references using the Genetics in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Genetics in Medicine (GIM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McGill B. Biodiversity: Land use matters. Nature. 2015;520(7545):38-39.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brambila DS, Fratalocchi A. Nonlinearly-enhanced energy transport in many dimensional quantum chaos. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2359.

A journal article with 3 authors

Goldblatt C, Lenton TM, Watson AJ. Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation. Nature. 2006;443(7112):683-686.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li PS, Lee IL, Yu WL, Sun JS, Jane WN, Shen HH. A novel albumin-based tissue scaffold for autogenic tissue engineering applications. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5600.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

German Geotechnical Society. Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures Using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2012.

An edited book

Davis B, Pace GJ, Wyner A, eds. Controlled Natural Language: 5th International Workshop, CNL 2016, Aberdeen, UK, July 25-27, 2016, Proceedings. Vol 9767. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Mishra PK, Siddiqui MW, Sahay S. Polyamines. In: Siddiqui MW, Ayala Zavala JF, Hwang CA (andy), eds. Postharvest Management Approaches for Maintaining Quality of Fresh Produce. Springer International Publishing; 2016:69-96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Genetics in Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Rock From Russia Contains 30,000 Diamonds. IFLScience. December 19, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/red-and-green-rock-russia-contains-30000-diamonds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Strategic Mobility: Serious Problems Remain in U.S. Deployment Capabilities. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tajer SA. Topics in MIMO Networks. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Gloria Steinem Never Stops. New York Times. October 7, 2016:MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Genetics in Medicine
ISSN (print)	1098-3600
ISSN (online)	1530-0366
Scope