How to format your references using the GeoJournal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for GeoJournal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lessler, J. (2014). Immunology. Charting the life-course epidemiology of influenza. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6212), 919–920.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cuffey, K. M., & Marshall, S. J. (2000). Substantial contribution to sea-level rise during the last interglacial from the Greenland ice sheet. Nature, 404(6778), 591–594.

A journal article with 3 authors

Eberhardt, M. V., Lee, C. Y., & Liu, R. H. (2000). Antioxidant activity of fresh apples. Nature, 405(6789), 903–904.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Farrer, R. A., Henk, D. A., MacLean, D., Studholme, D. J., & Fisher, M. C. (2013). Using false discovery rates to benchmark SNP-callers in next-generation sequencing projects. Scientific reports, 3, 1512.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Allerton, D. (2009). Principles of Flight Simulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Moulaert, T., & Garon, S. (Eds.). (2016). Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in International Comparison: Political Lessons, Scientific Avenues, and Democratic Issues. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Nishida, Y. (2016). Osteosarcoma in the Elderly: Clinical Features and Outcome. In T. Ueda & A. Kawai (Eds.), Osteosarcoma (pp. 59–71). Tokyo: Springer Japan.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for GeoJournal.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, October 18). Why Antioxidants Might Actually Make Your Cancer Worse. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-antioxidants-might-actually-make-your-cancer-worse/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2006). Natural Gas Pipeline Safety: Risk-Based Standards Should Allow Operators to Better Tailor Reassessments to Pipeline Threats (No. GAO-06-945). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grosso, T. (2015). Exploring How Older Adults Who Qualify for the Association on Aging with Developmental Disabilities (AADD) Programs and Services Learn to Successfully Age in Place (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, J. B. (2016, October 25). Why a Merger of Media Firms That Should Be a Sure Bet Isn’t. New York Times, p. B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lessler 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Cuffey and Marshall 2000; Lessler 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cuffey and Marshall 2000)
Three or more authors: (Farrer et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	GeoJournal
Abbreviation	GeoJournal
ISSN (print)	0343-2521
ISSN (online)	1572-9893
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development