How to format your references using the Geology of the Intermountain West citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geology of the Intermountain West. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fitzgerald, G., 2010, Drug development needs a new brand of science: Nature, v. 468, no. 7326, p. 869.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hines, P.J., and Zahn, L.M., 2009, What’s bugging plants? Plant-microbe interactions. Introduction: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 324, no. 5928, p. 741.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zeng, C., Liu, X., and Wang, G., 2014, Electrically tunable graphene plasmonic quasicrystal metasurfaces for transformation optics: Scientific reports, v. 4, p. 5763.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cook, E.R., Woodhouse, C.A., Eakin, C.M., Meko, D.M., and Stahle, D.W., 2004, Long-term aridity changes in the western United States: Science (New York, N.Y.), v. 306, no. 5698, p. 1015–1018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Armstrong, R.A., and Hilton, A.C., 2010, Statistical Analysis in Microbiology: Statnotes: Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Cai, K., 2016, Supervisor Localization: A Top-Down Approach to Distributed Control of Discrete-Event Systems (W. M. Wonham, Ed.): Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, Cham, Springer International Publishing, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, XV, 199 p. 136 illus., 9 illus. in color p.

A chapter in an edited book

Myat, A., and Bhatt, D.L., 2015, Appraisal of the Clinical Trial Data on Renal Denervation for the Management of Resistant Hypertension, in Heuser, R.R., Schlaich, M., and Sievert, H., editors, Renal Denervation: A New Approach to Treatment of Resistant Hypertension: London, Springer, p. 45–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geology of the Intermountain West.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2017, Icelandic Police Think Drivers Are Drunk, But They’re Just Distracted By Northern Lights: Online, https://www.iflscience.com/environment/icelandic-police-think-drivers-are-drunk-but-theyre-just-distracted-by-northern-lights/, accessed October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1978, The Space Transportation System: U.S. Government Printing Office 105609.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Casale, N., 2015, Generational preferences in marketing medium selections of animal adoptions in nonprofit organizations: A correlational study: Phoenix, AZ, University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara, S., 2015, Becoming a Vampire, or Almost Anything Else: New York Times, p. WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fitzgerald, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Hines and Zahn, 2009; Fitzgerald, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hines and Zahn, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Cook et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geology of the Intermountain West
ISSN (print)	2380-7601
Scope