How to format your references using the Global and Planetary Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Global and Planetary Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gingras, M.J.P., 2009. Physics. Observing monopoles in a magnetic analog of ice. Science 326, 375–376.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hachet, O., Ephrussi, A., 2004. Splicing of oskar RNA in the nucleus is coupled to its cytoplasmic localization. Nature 428, 959–963.

A journal article with 3 authors

Boudvillain, M., de Lencastre, A., Pyle, A.M., 2000. A tertiary interaction that links active-site domains to the 5’ splice site of a group II intron. Nature 406, 315–318.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chan, H.B., Aksyuk, V.A., Kleiman, R.N., Bishop, D.J., Capasso, F., 2001. Quantum mechanical actuation of microelectromechanical systems by the Casimir force. Science 291, 1941–1944.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaschke, M., Donnerhacke, K.-H., Rill, M.S., 2014. Optical Devices in Ophthalmology and Optometry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Mittermeir, R.T. (Ed.), 2005. From Computer Literacy to Informatics Fundamentals: International Conference on Informatics in Secondary Schools – Evolution and Perspectives, ISSEP 2005, Klagenfurt, Austria, March 30 - April 1, 2005, Proceeedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Williams, K., 2011. The Importance of Concepts for Science, in: Williams, K. (Ed.), Crossroads: History of Science, History of Art: Essays by David Speiser, Vol. II. Springer, Basel, pp. 53–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Global and Planetary Change.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Mass Grave Reveals Organised Violence Among Europe’s First Farmers [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mass-grave-reveals-organised-violence-among-europe-s-first-farmers/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1976. Evaluation of the Department of the Army’s Personnel and Cost Estimates for an Electronics Research and Development Command (No. LCD-76-465). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams, C., 2017. Tattooing and the Generalized Other (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2003. In Unlikely Urban Shadows, A Shopping Haven Takes Root. New York Times 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gingras, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Gingras, 2009; Hachet and Ephrussi, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hachet and Ephrussi, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Chan et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Global and Planetary Change
Abbreviation	Glob. Planet. Change
ISSN (print)	0921-8181
Scope	Oceanography Global and Planetary Change