How to format your references using the Hearing Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hearing Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon, D., 2003. When the chips are down. Nature 424, 585.

A journal article with 2 authors

Winslow, M.M., Crabtree, G.R., 2005. Immunology. Decoding calcium signaling. Science 307, 56–57.

A journal article with 3 authors

Santos, F.C., Santos, M.D., Pacheco, J.M., 2008. Social diversity promotes the emergence of cooperation in public goods games. Nature 454, 213–216.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wu, H., Kanatous, S.B., Thurmond, F.A., Gallardo, T., Isotani, E., Bassel-Duby, R., Williams, R.S., 2002. Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by CaMK. Science 296, 349–352.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ketring, K.L., Glaze, M.B., 2012. Atlas of Feline Ophthalmology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Bundschuh, M., 2008. The IT Measurement Compendium: Estimating and Benchmarking Success with Functional Size Measurement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Rico, F., Wojocikiewicz, E.P., Moy, V.T., 2008. Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells, in: Tomitori, M., Bhushan, B., Fuchs, H. (Eds.), Applied Scanning Probe Methods IX: Characterization, Nano Science and Technolgy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 89–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hearing Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017. Mars Lander Crashed Because It Thought It Was Underground [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. DOD Schools: Funding and Operating Alternatives for Education of Dependents (No. HRD-87-16). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, G.S., 2008. The relationship between legislative implementations and educator readiness in inclusive educational environments (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M., 2013. The Dazzle of Neon. New York Times B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gershon, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Gershon, 2003; Winslow and Crabtree, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Winslow and Crabtree, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hearing Research
Abbreviation	Hear. Res.
ISSN (print)	0378-5955
Scope	Sensory Systems