How to format your references using the Heart Failure Clinics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Heart Failure Clinics (HFC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ohnaka M. Geophysics. Rupture in the laboratory. Science 2004;303(5665):1788–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Caliskan S., Laref A. Spin transport properties of n-polyacene molecules (n = 1-15) connected to Ni surface electrodes: theoretical analysis. Sci Rep 2014;4:7363.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ofstad TA., Zuker CS., Reiser MB. Visual place learning in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 2011;474(7350):204–7.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fotin A., Cheng Y., Sliz P., et al. Molecular model for a complete clathrin lattice from electron cryomicroscopy. Nature 2004;432(7017):573–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bain BJ., Wild BJ., Stephens AD., et al. Variant Haemoglobins. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Riccardi G. Elementi di fluidodinamica: Un’introduzione per l’Ingegneria. Milano: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Hundt R. From Carbon to Clean—How to Attract Investment in Smart Grid Infrastructures. In: Noam EM, Pupillo LM, and Kranz JJ, editors. Broadband Networks, Smart Grids and Climate Change. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 39–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Heart Failure Clinics.

Blog post

Hale T. Wild Orangutan Slaps Guy Trying To Take A Selfie With Him. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/wild-orangutan-slaps-guy-trying-to-take-a-selfie-with-him/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Inland Waterways Fuel Tax: Additional Data Could Enhance IRS’s Efforts to Ensure Taxpayer Compliance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

LaPoint JL. The effects of aviation -based error management training on perioperative safety attitudes. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

LISA W. FODERARO; Reporting for this article was contributed by Ford Fessenden., as well as by Kathleen McGrory in Westchester., Akhtar F., et al. That Sound You Hear? The Market Coming Down to Earth. New York Times 2006:14WC5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Heart Failure Clinics
Abbreviation	Heart Fail. Clin.
ISSN (print)	1551-7136
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine