How to format your references using the Hernia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hernia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon J (2009) The Gonzo Scientist. The Science Dance Match-Up Challenge. Science 324:332

A journal article with 2 authors

Wu Y, Marsh JW (2001) Selective transcription and modulation of resting T cell activity by preintegrated HIV DNA. Science 293:1503–1506

A journal article with 3 authors

Agulhon C, Fiacco TA, McCarthy KD (2010) Hippocampal short- and long-term plasticity are not modulated by astrocyte Ca2+ signaling. Science 327:1250–1254

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Poptsova MS, Il’icheva IA, Nechipurenko DY, et al (2014) Non-random DNA fragmentation in next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 4:4532

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eidhammer I, Barsnes H, Eide GE, Martens L (2013) Computational and Statistical Methods for Protein Quantification by Mass Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Kramer A, Merrow M (2013) Circadian Clocks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Luu V-T, Ripken M, Forestier G, et al (2016) Using Glocal Event Alignment for Comparing Sequences of Significantly Different Lengths. In: Perner P (ed) Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition: 12th International Conference, MLDM 2016, New York, NY, USA, July 16-21, 2016, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 58–72

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hernia.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) America’s Cicadas Are Mysteriously Appearing Four Years Early. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Direct Student Loans: Efforts to Resolve Lenders’ Problems With Consolidations Are Under Way. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anisko JJ (2012) Selling Mexico’s vistas: A visual discourse analysis of promotional materials of Loreto Bay, Mexico. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M (1993) A Magazine Will Tell All About Bubba. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hernia
Abbreviation	Hernia
ISSN (print)	1265-4906
ISSN (online)	1248-9204
Scope	Surgery