How to format your references using the Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric) citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barrangou, R. RNA events. Cas9 targeting and the CRISPR revolution. Science, 2014, 344(6185), 707–708.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ganopolski, A. and Rahmstorf, S. Rapid changes of glacial climate simulated in a coupled climate model. Nature, 2001, 409(6817), 153–158.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chatterjee, A., Mitrović, M. and Fortunato, S. Universality in voting behavior: an empirical analysis. Sci. Rep., 2013, 3, 1049.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhang, J., Liu, X., Blume, R., Zhang, A., Schlögl, R. and Su, D. S. Surface-modified carbon nanotubes catalyze oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane. Science, 2008, 322(5898), 73–77.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Westermeier, R. Electrophoresis in Practice. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2004.

An edited book

Half-metallic Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications. Galanakis, I. and Dederichs, P. H., eds. Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005. Vol. 676.

A chapter in an edited book

Horak, F. Antiallergic and Vasoactive Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis. In Allergy Frontiers: Therapy and Prevention (Pawankar, R., Holgate, S. T. and Rosenwasser, L. J., eds). Springer Japan, Tokyo, 2010, 51–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric).

Blog post

Hale, T. Norway May Sell Only Electric Cars By 2025 https://www.iflscience.com/environment/norway-may-sell-only-electric-cars-by-2025/ (accessed 2018-10-30).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Effects of the Trust Fund Taxes’ Lapsing on FAA’s Budget.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Whited, J. E. An Investigation of Struggling Learners’ Motivation to Read. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow, L. Guardian Angels Welcome in Greenport. New York Times. July 23, 2006, 14LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (numeric)
ISSN (print)	1736-6046
ISSN (online)	1736-7530
Scope