How to format your references using the Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heki K. Geophysics. A tale of two earthquakes. Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1390–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Leitch AR, Leitch IJ. Genomic plasticity and the diversity of polyploid plants. Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):481–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lappala A, Zaccone A, Terentjev EM. Ratcheted diffusion transport through crowded nanochannels. Sci Rep. 2013 Oct 31;3:3103.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chen T, Wang J, Li C, Zhang W, Zhang L, An L, et al. Nafamostat mesilate attenuates neuronal damage in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia through thrombin inhibition. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 2;4:5531.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Joseph C. Advanced Credit Risk Analysis and Management. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Biswal B, Krupinska K, Biswal UC, editors. Plastid Development in Leaves during Growth and Senescence. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. XLI, 685 p. 118 illus., 41 illus. in color. (Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, Including Bioenergy and Related Processes; vol. 36).

A chapter in an edited book

Diudea MV, Nagy CL. Counting Polynomials of Nanostructures. In: Diudea MV, Nagy CL, editors. Periodic Nanostructures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 69–114. (Developments in Fullerene Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Davis J. The Secret To Bonobo Peace May Be In The Females’ Sexual Swelling [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-secret-to-bonobo-peace-may-be-in-the-females-sexual-swelling/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Passenger Rail Security: Federal Strategy and Enhanced Coordination Needed to Prioritize and Guide Security Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007 Mar. Report No.: GAO-07-583T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Myers KE. The First Determination of the Proton’s Weak Charge Through Parity-Violating Asymmetry Measurements in Elastic e + p and e + Al Scattering [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J. Buzzed: Sweets Raise Hopes Among Bees. New York Times. 2016 Sep 30;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Hong Kong J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1027-8230
Scope