How to format your references using the Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hanage, W. P.: Microbiology: Microbiome science needs a healthy dose of scepticism, Nature, 512, 247–248, 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wilhite, A. W. and Fong, E. A.: Scientific publications. Coercive citation in academic publishing, Science, 335, 542–543, 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cordier, P., Amodeo, J., and Carrez, P.: Modelling the rheology of MgO under Earth’s mantle pressure, temperature and strain rates, Nature, 481, 177–180, 2012.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Dubnau, J., Grady, L., Kitamoto, T., and Tully, T.: Disruption of neurotransmission in Drosophila mushroom body blocks retrieval but not acquisition of memory, Nature, 411, 476–480, 2001.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Halpin, D. W. and Senior, B. A.: Financial Management and Accounting Fundamentals for Construction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2009.

An edited book

Kumanogoh, A. (Ed.): Semaphorins: A Diversity of Emerging Physiological and Pathological Activities, Springer Japan, Tokyo, VIII, 226 p. 48 illus., 46 illus. in color p., 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Frétigny, C.: Atomic Force Microscopy, in: Nanoscience: Nanotechnologies and Nanophysics, edited by: Dupas, C., Houdy, P., and Lahmani, M., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 91–119, 2007.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions.

Blog post

Luntz, S.: Flexible Implant Restores Rodent Mobility To Paralyzed Rats, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/flexible-implant-restores-rodent-mobility/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2015., 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Transportation and Telecommunications Issue Area Plan--Fiscal Years 1995-97, IAP-95-7, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crawford, M. J.: Empire’s experts: The politics of knowledge in Spain’s royal monopoly of quina (1751–1808), Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J.: Classic Words, Fresh Looks, , New York Times31st JulyBR4, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hanage, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Hanage, 2014; Wilhite and Fong, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wilhite and Fong, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Dubnau et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions
Abbreviation	Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1812-2116
Scope	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Earth-Surface Processes