How to format your references using the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Smaglik, “To plan...or not to plan?,” Nature, vol. 435, no. 7040, p. 381, May 2005.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. C. de A. Moura and P. C. Lee, “Capuchin stone tool use in Caatinga dry forest,” Science, vol. 306, no. 5703, p. 1909, Dec. 2004.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Baumgart, S. T. Hess, and W. W. Webb, “Imaging coexisting fluid domains in biomembrane models coupling curvature and line tension,” Nature, vol. 425, no. 6960, pp. 821–824, Oct. 2003.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C. Quan, Y.-S. C. Liu, H. Tang, and T. Utescher, “Miocene shift of European atmospheric circulation from trade wind to westerlies,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4, p. 5660, Jul. 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Mann, Microsoft® SharePoint® Server 2010 Bible. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2010.

An edited book

[1]

A. L. Onishchik, Projective and Cayley-Klein Geometries. in Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

B. De Pace et al., “Confocal Microscopy: Improving Our Understanding of Nevogenesis,” in Nevogenesis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Nevus Development, A. A. Marghoob, Ed., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012, pp. 59–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, “New Program Helps You Identify Birds With One Photo,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Industrial Policy: Case Studies in the Japanese Experience,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, ID-83-11, Oct. 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.-S. Wei, “Towards Brain Decoding for Real-World Drowsiness Detection,” Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Hubbard, “An American in Syria, Offering a Window on Jihad,” New York Times, p. A7, Mar. 10, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Abbreviation	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.
ISSN (print)	0162-8828
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software Applied Mathematics