How to format your references using the Immunology Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Immunology Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Goldston, Climate future, Nature 459 (2009) 628.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.M. Ransohoff, B. Stevens, Neuroscience. How many cell types does it take to wire a brain?, Science 333 (2011) 1391–1392.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Peng, R. Maiolino, R. Cochrane, Strangulation as the primary mechanism for shutting down star formation in galaxies, Nature 521 (2015) 192–195.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R.B. Best, W. Zheng, A. Borgia, K. Buholzer, M.B. Borgia, H. Hofmann, A. Soranno, D. Nettels, K. Gast, A. Grishaev, B. Schuler, Comment on “Innovative scattering analysis shows that hydrophobic disordered proteins are expanded in water,” Science 361 (2018).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G. Celant, M. Broniatowski, Interpolation and Extrapolation Optimal Designs 2, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

C.S. Collins, M.N.N. Lee, J.N. Hawkins, D.E. Neubauer, eds., The Palgrave Handbook of Asia Pacific Higher Education, Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Massari, C. Motta, Women in the Sacra Corona Unita, in: G. Fiandaca (Ed.), Women and the Mafia, Springer, New York, NY, 2007: pp. 53–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Immunology Letters.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Daily Diary Reveals How Cannabis Use Affects People With Bipolar, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/daily-diary-reveals-how-cannabis-use-affects-people-bipolar/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Cloud Computing: Agencies Need to Incorporate Key Practices to Ensure Effective Performance, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.A. Bradley, A Tennessee Irish Picnic: Foodways and Complex Community Dynamics, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Vecsey, A Miserable Month in the World of Sports, New York Times (2011) SP9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Immunology Letters
Abbreviation	Immunol. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0165-2478
Scope	Immunology Immunology and Allergy