How to format your references using the Information Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Information Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

P. Tian, Three giants tighten their grip, Nature 528 (2015) S176-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.D. Anderson, G. Schubert, Saturn’s gravitational field, internal rotation, and interior structure, Science 317 (2007) 1384–1387.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

I.M. Savukov, S.-K. Lee, M.V. Romalis, Optical detection of liquid-state NMR, Nature 442 (2006) 1021–1024.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Tang, Y. Xu, A.R.W. McKellar, W. Jäger, Quantum solvation of carbonyl sulfide with helium atoms, Science 297 (2002) 2030–2033.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Ribéreau-Gayon, D. Dubourdieu, B. Donèche, A. Lonvaud, Handbook of Enology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

P. Rausch, A.F. Sheta, A. Ayesh, eds., Business Intelligence and Performance Management: Theory, Systems and Industrial Applications, Springer, London, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Y. He, Genome-Based Computational Vaccine Discovery by Reverse Vaccinology, in: D.R. Flower, Y. Perrie (Eds.), Immunomic Discovery of Adjuvants and Candidate Subunit Vaccines, Springer, New York, NY, 2013: pp. 91–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Information Systems.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, The US-Russian Space Station Mission Is A Study In Cooperation, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/us-russian-space-station-mission-study-cooperation/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites: Restructuring Is Under Way, but Technical Challenges and Risks Remain, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

V. Schenkelberg, Cultural competence training: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Robinson, By the Banks of the Tigris, New York Times (2011) BR10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Information Systems
Abbreviation	Inf. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0306-4379
Scope	Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software