How to format your references using the Innovative Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Innovative Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Powell, K. (2003). Growing pains. Nature, 423(6939), 568–569.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bhat, S. G., & Kumar, P. S. A. (2014). Room temperature electrical spin injection into GaAs by an oxide spin injector. Scientific reports, 4, 5588.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen, L., Dürr, K. L., & Gouaux, E. (2014). X-ray structures of AMPA receptor-cone snail toxin complexes illuminate activation mechanism. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6200), 1021–1026.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Benabid, F., Couny, F., Knight, J. C., Birks, T. A., & Russell, P. S. J. (2005). Compact, stable and efficient all-fibre gas cells using hollow-core photonic crystal fibres. Nature, 434(7032), 488–491.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Freeman, R. L. (2005). Fundamentals of Telecommunications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Fung, E. B., Bachrach, L. K., & Sawyer, A. J. (Eds.). (2016). Bone Health Assessment in Pediatrics: Guidelines for Clinical Practice (2nd ed. 2016.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Schlesinger, K.-G. (2009). Some Steps Towards Noncommutative Mirror Symmetry on the Torus. In B. Fauser, J. Tolksdorf, & E. Zeidler (Eds.), Quantum Field Theory: Competitive Models (pp. 83–94). Basel: Birkhäuser.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Innovative Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, May 17). Quantum Correlations Create Incredibly Precise Measurements. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Student Financial Aid: Monitoring Aid Greater Than Federally Defined Need Could Help Address Student Loan Indebtedness (No. GAO-03-508). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kramer, J. A. (2010). Accurate Localization Given Uncertain Sensors (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2014, January 15). American Is Suspended. New York Times, p. B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Powell 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Bhat and Kumar 2014; Powell 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bhat and Kumar 2014)
Three or more authors: (Benabid et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Innovative Higher Education
Abbreviation	Innov. High. Educ.
ISSN (print)	0742-5627
ISSN (online)	1573-1758
Scope	Education