How to format your references using the Intensive Care Medicine Experimental citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Phillips P (2000) Organic materials. From insulator to superconductor. Nature 406:687–688

A journal article with 2 authors

Kirkwood TB, Austad SN (2000) Why do we age? Nature 408:233–238

A journal article with 3 authors

Nicoll RA, Tomita S, Bredt DS (2006) Auxiliary subunits assist AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Science 311:1253–1256

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu C, Kurokawa R, Fujino M, et al (2014) Estimation of the hydrogen concentration in rat tissue using an airtight tube following the administration of hydrogen via various routes. Sci Rep 4:5485

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fitzgerald RW, Meacham BJ (2017) Fire Performance Analysis for Buildings. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Ferraro P, Wax A, Zalevsky Z (2011) Coherent Light Microscopy: Imaging and Quantitative Phase Analysis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kokkinos I (2012) Bounding Part Scores for Rapid Detection with Deformable Part Models. In: Fusiello A, Murino V, Cucchiara R (eds) Computer Vision – ECCV 2012. Workshops and Demonstrations: Florence, Italy, October 7-13, 2012, Proceedings, Part III. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 41–50

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) New Test Detects Fatal Brain Disease Earlier And More Accurately Than Previous Methods. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Supplemental Student Loans: Who Are the Largest Lenders? U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith KA (2010) Impact of animal assisted therapy reading instruction on reading performance of homeschooled students. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M (2011) Scandals Test the N.C.A.A.’s Top Rules Enforcer. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Abbreviation	Intensive Care Med. Exp.
ISSN (online)	2197-425X
Scope