How to format your references using the International Journal of Clinical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Clinical Research (IJCR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Poon W. Physics. Colloids as big atoms. Science. 2004 May 7;3045672:830–1. PMID: 15131294.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Quinn PK, Bates TS. The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions. Nature. 2011 November 30;4807375:51–6. PMID: 22129724.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Tsuchida T, Koga R, Fukatsu T. Host plant specialization governed by facultative symbiont. Science. 2004 March 26;3035666:1989. PMID: 15044797.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bonnet-Mercier N, Wong RA, Thomas ML, et al. A structured three-dimensional polymer electrolyte with enlarged active reaction zone for Li-O2 batteries. Sci Rep. 2014 November 20;4:7127. PMID: 25410536.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Gowler DB. James Through the Centuries. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2013 October 21.

An edited book

1. Wang LK, Hung Y-T, Shammas NK, editors. Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Technologies. vol. 5. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Streffer C, Gethmann CF, Kamp G, et al. Waste management strategies and disposal design. In: Gethmann CF, Kamp G, Kröger W, Rehbinder E, Renn O, Röhlig K-J, editors. Radioactive Waste: Technical and Normative Aspects of its Disposal, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 111–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Clinical Research.

Blog post

1. Davis J. The Builders Of Stonehenge Feasted On Barbecue Beef And Pork. IFLScience. 2015 October 15. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/builders-stonehenge-feasted-barbecue-beef-and-pork/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Advanced Technology Program: Inherent Factors in Selection Process Could Limit Identification of Similar Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 April 24.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Volkmer JE. The Cretaceous-Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Court Veteran Remembers A Scary Start. New York Times. 2006 February 16:A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Clinical Research
ISSN (print)	2675-2611
Scope