How to format your references using the International Journal of Colorectal Disease citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Colorectal Disease. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gravitz L (2011) Drugs: a tangled web of targets. Nature 475:S9-11

A journal article with 2 authors

Ellegren H, Sheldon BC (2008) Genetic basis of fitness differences in natural populations. Nature 452:169–175

A journal article with 3 authors

Murdoch W, Briggs CJ, Swarbrick S (2005) Host suppression and stability in a parasitoid-host system: experimental demonstration. Science 309:610–613

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Lim Y-W, Steinhoff M, Girosi F, et al (2006) Reducing the global burden of acute lower respiratory infections in children: the contribution of new diagnostics. Nature 444 Suppl 1:9–18

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Marvin S (2010) Dictionary of Scientific Principles. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Im S (2013) Photo-Excited Charge Collection Spectroscopy: Probing the traps in field-effect transistors. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Sammet K, Bergelt D (2012) The Modernisation of Gender Relations and Religion: Comparative Analysis of Secularization Processes. In: Pickel G, Sammet K (eds) Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989 – 2010. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 51–68

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Colorectal Disease.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Study Finds That The More Beautiful Your Home Is, The Less Likely You Are To Be Religious. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Kachemak Bay Ferry: Federally Funded Ferry Was Constructed with Limited Oversight and Faces Future Operating Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anisko JJ (2012) Selling Mexico’s vistas: A visual discourse analysis of promotional materials of Loreto Bay, Mexico. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wasik JF (2017) How Student Debt Is Snuffing Out Creative Sparks. New York Times B7

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Colorectal Disease
Abbreviation	Int. J. Colorectal Dis.
ISSN (print)	0179-1958
ISSN (online)	1432-1262
Scope	Gastroenterology