How to format your references using the International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research (FMR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hill, M., Perspective: Be Clear about the Real Risks, Nature, vol. 525, no. 7570, p. S14, September 24, 2015.

A journal article with 2 authors

Debenedetti, P. G. and Sarupria, S., Chemistry. Hydrate Molecular Ballet, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 326, no. 5956, pp. 1070–71, November 20, 2009.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hristov, T. S., Miller, S. D. and Friehe, C. A., Dynamical Coupling of Wind and Ocean Waves through Wave-Induced Air Flow, Nature, vol. 422, no. 6927, pp. 55–58, March 6, 2003.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Bryan, B. A., Gao, L., Ye, Y., Sun, X., Connor, J. D., Crossman, N. D., Stafford-Smith, M., et al., China’s Response to a National Land-System Sustainability Emergency, Nature, vol. 559, no. 7713, pp. 193–204, July 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Escarpa, A., González, M. C. and López, M. Á., Agricultural and Food Electroanalysis, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015.

An edited book

Wang, C. Ed., AccessNets: Third International Conference on Access Networks, AccessNets 2008, Las Vegas, NV, USA, October 15-17, 2008. Revised Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, XIII, 472 p, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Kakas, A. C., Cohn, D., Dasgupta, S., Barto, A. G., Carpenter, G. A., Grossberg, S., Webb, G. I., et al., Actions, in Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, C. Sammut and G. I. Webb, Eds., Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 10–10, 2010.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research.

Blog post

Taub, B., 2,000-Year-Old Human Skeleton Found On Antikythera Shipwreck, IFLScience, September 20, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Department of Labor’s Past and Future Role in Offender Rehabilitation, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, MWD-75-91, Aug. 7, 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Betito, J.-J. H., Improving the Well-Being of Filipino Homebound Adults through Religious Involvement, Education, and Socialization: A Grant Proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O., Weekend Entertainments from the Archives of The New York Times, New York Times, September 5, 2014.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hill, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Hill, 2015; Debenedetti et al., 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Debenedetti et al., 2009)
Three or more authors: (Bryan et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research
ISSN (print)	2152-5102
ISSN (online)	2152-5110
Scope