How to format your references using the International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. Paytan, Geochemistry. Mountains, weathering, and climate, Science 335 (2012) 810–811.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

I. Lam, S. Keeney, Nonparadoxical evolutionary stability of the recombination initiation landscape in yeast, Science 350 (2015) 932–937.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.E. Sale, K.J. Patel, F.D. Batista, Retrospective. Michael Neuberger (1953-2013), Science 342 (2013) 1335.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Ritz, J. Lim, C.M. Reynolds, L.B. Poole, J. Beckwith, Conversion of a peroxiredoxin into a disulfide reductase by a triplet repeat expansion, Science 294 (2001) 158–160.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.H. Ziska, J.S. Dukes, Weed Biology and Climate Change, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

M. Allen, R.L. Mayes, D.J. Rixen, eds., Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4: Proceedings of the 33rd IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2015, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A.-M. Abdulai, E. Shamshiry, The Incidence and Trend of Poverty in the Muslim World, in: E. Shamshiry (Ed.), Linking Sustainable Livelihoods to Natural Resources and Governance: The Scale of Poverty in the Muslim World, Springer, Singapore, 2014: pp. 59–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Report Reveals 20% Of All Plants At Risk Of Extinction, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/over-one-fifth-all-known-plant-species-ar-risk-extinction/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Internet Privacy: Comparison of Federal Agency Practices With FTC’s Fair Information Principles, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.C. Knoth, Biological Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences: An Examination of an Introductory Level Implementation, Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Kelly, THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Political Memo; Republicans Re-Think “Family Values” Focus, New York Times (1992) A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture
Abbreviation	Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.
ISSN (print)	0890-6955
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering