How to format your references using the International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McLeish, T., 2002. Chemistry. Polymers without beginning or end. Science 297, 2005–2006.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jinnah, S., Jungcurt, S., 2009. Global biological resources. Could access requirements stifle your research? Science 323, 464–465.

A journal article with 3 authors

Buhr, E.D., Yoo, S.-H., Takahashi, J.S., 2010. Temperature as a universal resetting cue for mammalian circadian oscillators. Science 330, 379–385.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yamanouchi, M., Chiba, D., Matsukura, F., Ohno, H., 2004. Current-induced domain-wall switching in a ferromagnetic semiconductor structure. Nature 428, 539–542.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kumar, V., 2006. Mobile Database Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Frank, U., Loucopoulos, P., Pastor, Ó., Petrounias, I. (Eds.), 2014. The Practice of Enterprise Modeling: 7th IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference, PoEM 2014, Manchester, UK, November 12-13, 2014. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Capaccioli, M., Galano, S., 2012. Giuseppa Guacci: Mamma o non mamma, in: Galano, S. (Ed.), Arminio Nobile e La Misura Del Cielo: Ovvero Le Disavventure Di Un Astronomo Napoletano, I Blu. Springer, Milano, pp. 39–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2016. Elon Musk Wants To Send Humans To Mars As Early As 2024 [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Survey of Supervisors at U.S. Attorneys’ Offices, an E-supplement to GAO-04-422 (No. GAO-04-616SP). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Learn, D.T., 2012. Differentiating instruction on the basis of cognitive tools: A case study of honors and mainstream middle school classes (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G., 2009. Reason to Believe But Also To Be Cautious. New York Times D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (McLeish, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Jinnah and Jungcurt, 2009; McLeish, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jinnah and Jungcurt, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Yamanouchi et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing
Abbreviation	Int. J. Orthop. Trauma Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1878-1241
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Advanced and Specialised Nursing