How to format your references using the International Journal of Refrigeration citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Refrigeration. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lee, J.D., 2009. Engineering. Can technology get your eyes back on the road? Science 324, 344–346.

A journal article with 2 authors

Li, X., Xu, J., 2014. Dietary and circulating lycopene and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci. Rep. 4, 5031.

A journal article with 3 authors

Deng, L., Shangguan, Z.-P., Sweeney, S., 2014. “Grain for Green” driven land use change and carbon sequestration on the Loess Plateau, China. Sci. Rep. 4, 7039.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Barnett, R.N., Cleveland, C.L., Joy, A., Landman, U., Schuster, G.B., 2001. Charge migration in DNA: ion-gated transport. Science 294, 567–571.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Troppens, U., Erkens, R., Müller, W., 2004. Storage Networks Explained. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Kumar, A., Galaev, I.Y., Mattiasson, B. (Eds.), 2007. Cell Separation: Fundamentals, Analytical and Preparative Methods, Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Fitzgerald, D.P., Herrmann, J.W., Sandborn, P.A., Schmidt, L.C., Gogoll, T.H., 2008. Constructing a Product Design for the Environment Process, in: Misra, K.B. (Ed.), Handbook of Performability Engineering. Springer, London, pp. 57–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Refrigeration.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Is Artificial Intelligence Just Around The Corner? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2015. Results-Oriented Management: OPM Needs to Do More to Ensure Meaningful Distinctions Are Made in SES Ratings and Performance Awards (No. GAO-15-189). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lofton, C.D., 2012. Mid-Career Transitions: A Qualitative Study Examining the Developmental Relationships, Attitudes, Networks, and Strategies of Frontline Workers that Seek Career Development and Advancement (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Zimmerman, E., 2012. 99 Ways to be Naughty in Kazakhstan. New York Times MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lee, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Lee, 2009; Li and Xu, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Li and Xu, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Barnett et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Refrigeration
Abbreviation	Int. J. Refrig.
ISSN (print)	0140-7007
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Building and Construction