How to format your references using the International Journal on Digital Libraries citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal on Digital Libraries. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shah, R.: Short-sighted move to close the 12-m telescope. Nature. 404, 921 (2000)

A journal article with 2 authors

Simmons, E.M., Hartwig, J.F.: Catalytic functionalization of unactivated primary C-H bonds directed by an alcohol. Nature. 483, 70–73 (2012)

A journal article with 3 authors

Yu, D., Wang, C., Guyot-Sionnest, P.: n-Type conducting CdSe nanocrystal solids. Science. 300, 1277–1280 (2003)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Moyà-Solà, S., Köhler, M., Alba, D.M., Casanovas-Vilar, I., Galindo, J.: Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a new Middle Miocene great ape from Spain. Science. 306, 1339–1344 (2004)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gaynor, G.H.: Decisions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2014)

An edited book

Lakhani, S.R., Fox, S.B. eds: Molecular Pathology in Cancer Research. Springer, New York, NY (2016)

A chapter in an edited book

Yu, G., Liu, Z., Yuan, J.: Discriminative Orderlet Mining for Real-Time Recognition of Human-Object Interaction. In: Cremers, D., Reid, I., Saito, H., and Yang, M.-H. (eds.) Computer Vision -- ACCV 2014: 12th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Singapore, Singapore, November 1-5, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Part V. pp. 50–65. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal on Digital Libraries.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Mindfulness-based Therapy Shown To Reduce PTSD Symptoms In Veterans, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mindfulness-based-therapy-shown-reduce-ptsd-symptoms-veterans/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Summary Analysis of Federal Commercial Aviation Taxes and Fees. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2004)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McGowan, H.C.: The military experience: Perceptions from senior military officers’ wives, (2008)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Herrman, J., Maheshwari, S.: How the Pro-Trump Media Covered Election Day, (2016)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal on Digital Libraries
ISSN (print)	1432-5012
ISSN (online)	1432-1300
Scope	Library and Information Sciences